PENERAPAN EKONOMI SIRKULAR: POTENSI TRANSFORMASI KEBIJAKAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA UNTUK DAYA SAING BERKELANJUTAN

Abstract

Indonesia is at a critical juncture in aligning its economic structure with the growing global shift toward sustainability-oriented trade. Its current linear “take-make-dispose” economy increases vulnerability to external pressures, particularly from emerging green trade regulations such as the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), Japan’s environmental standards, and South Korea’s circular economy initiatives. This paper examines three strategic policy pathways to support Indonesia’s transition to a circular economy (CE): regulatory integration through trade policy, stakeholder collaboration, and circular knowledge development through a human capital approach. A comparative assessment of CE transition models in the European Union, the Netherlands, and Japan highlights the importance of integrating regulatory, collaborative, and resource-oriented frameworks. The study finds that policy transition cannot rely solely on regulations; instead, it requires inclusive stakeholder integration and systemic coordination. Embedding CE principles into trade frameworks strengthens product value, competitiveness, and Indonesia’s position in global value chains.