TRADE FACILITATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING EXPORT
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Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisa dampak dari fasilitasi perdagangan pada kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia. Data spesifik dari masing-masing negara baik Indonesia dan tigapuluh mitra dagang utama dari komoditi manufaktur selama periode 2010 hingga 2014 digunakan dalam membangun indikator fasilitasi perdagangan, termasuk langkah-langkah dalam lingkungan kepabeanan dan regulasi, efisiensi pelabuhan, dan infrastruktur di sektor jasa. Hubungan antara kinerja ekspor Indonesia dan indikator tersebut kemudian di estimasi menggunakan gravity model dengan data panel. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa fasilitasi perdagangan dalam lingkungan kepabeanan dari Indonesia dan mitra dagang utama nya berpengaruh besar dan positif terhadap kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara lingkungan regulasi di Indonesia mengurangi arus perdagangan. Kerjasama perdagangan dengan negara-negara ASEAN berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat disarankan adalah dengan memprioritaskan upaya dalam lingkungan kepabeanan Indonesia dan mitra dagang, melalui peningkatan efisiensi waktu dan biaya yang diperlukan dalam melakukan perdagangan. Selain itu, meningkatkan kerjasama perdagangan dalam kawasan ASEAN akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia.
This paper analyzes the impact of trade facilitation on Indonesian manufacturing export performance. Some specific data of Indonesia and thirty countries as Indonesian main trading partners of manufacture commodities over the period 2010 to 2014 were used to construct trade facilitation indicators, including measures in the customs and regulatory environment, port efficiency, and service sector infrastructure. The relationship between Indonesian export performance and these indicators were estimated using a gravity model with panel data. The findings provide some evidence that trade facilitation on customs environment of Indonesia and its trading partners largely and positively affects Indonesian manufacturing export performance, while the Indonesian regulatory environment deters the trade flows. Trade partnerships with ASEAN countries positively and significantly affect Indonesian manufacturing export performance. It is suggested for policy implication to prioritise efforts and development on Indonesian customs environment and its trading partners, through time and cost efficiency to trade. Moreover, Indonesia should generate more trade within ASEAN region which could stimulate a higher export performance.
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