IMPLEMENTASI ATiSA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN ASEAN DAN INDONESIA
Abstract
Ringkasan Eksekutif
Berakhirnya pandemi Covid-19 menjadi momentum bagi Indonesia untuk kembali meningkatkan perdagangan melalui pemanfaatan kerja sama perdagangan yang sudah ada. Dalam kerangka ASEAN, kerja sama perdagangan jasa tertuang dalam ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement (ATiSA) yang sudah ditandatangani sejak April 2019. Dalam perjanjian ATiSA negara anggota ASEAN akan membuka akses pasar jasa melalui: i) menghilangkan semua pembatasan pasokan jasa Moda 1 dan Moda 2; ii) mengizinkan partisipasi ekuitas ASEAN hingga 70%; iii) secara signifikan menghilangkan pembatasan terkait akses pasar pada penyediaan jasa Moda 3; dan iv) menghilangkan pembatasan mengenai National Treatment pada Moda 3 untuk 128 subsektor, dengan satu pengecualian dari 128 subsektor tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi model CGE, rekomendasi opsi kebijakan yang diambil adalah melakukan ratifikasi perjanjian ATiSA agar para penyedia jasa nasional dapat memanfaatkan akses pasar yang diberikan. Hasil simulasi model CGE menunjukkan jika ATiSA diimplementasikan maka semua negara ASEAN memperoleh dampak positif yang merata. Bagi Indonesia sendiri ATiSA akan memberi nilai surplus perdagangan sebesar USD 702,9 juta, peningkatan GDP 0.004%, dan investasi 0,02%.
Kata Kunci: Perdagangan Jasa, ASEAN, Model CGE
Executive Summary
The end of the Covid-19 pandemic is a momentum for Indonesia to increase trade which was previously slowing down. One of the most effective ways to increase exports is through existing Free Trade Agreements. Within the ASEAN framework, cooperation in service trade takes the form of the ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement (ATiSA) signed in April 2019. In the ATiSA agreement, ASEAN member countries will open up market access for services by i) removing all restrictions on mode of supply 1 and 2; ii) allow ASEAN equity participation of up to 70%; iii) significantly remove restrictions related to market access in the provision of services in the mode of supply 3; and iv) removing restrictions on National Treatment in mode 3 for 128 subsectors, with one exception from the 128 subsectors. Based on the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model simulation results, the recommended policy option is to ratify the ATiSA agreement so that national service providers can benefit from the provided market access. The results of the CGE model simulation show that implementing ATiSA will positively impact all ASEAN countries evenly. For Indonesia alone, ATiSA will provide a trade surplus value of USD 702.9 million, an increase in GDP of 0.004%, and an investment of 0.02%.
Key Words: Trade in Services, ASEAN, CGE Model
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