PENGARUH DIVERSIFIKASI EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN NILAI TAMBAH PER TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR MANUFAKTUR BERBASIS AGRO DAN NON-AGRO

Yudi Risman Hadiyanto

doi:10.30908/bilp.v9i2.7

Yudi Risman Hadiyanto Kementerian Perdagangan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v9i2.7

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Keywords: Diversifikasi Ekspor, Pertumbuhan, Nilai Tambah, Manufaktur Agro, Manufaktur Non-agro, Export Diversification, Growth, Value Added

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh diversifikasi ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja sektor manufaktur berbasis agro dan non-agro. Data yang digunakan adalah data statistik industri (manufaktur) dan data ekspor periode 2000-2010 dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi panel dengan estimasi System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) untuk mengatasi endogenitas pada variabel penjelas dan otokorelasi antara dependen variabel dengan lag-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi pasar ekspor berkorelasi negatif dengan pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja manufaktur non-agro tapi tidak berpengaruh pada manufaktur agro. Diversifikasi produk horizontal ekspor berpengaruh positif bagi manufaktur non-agro tapi pengaruhnya negatif bagi manufaktur agro. Ini menunjukkan bahwa menambah varian produk ekspor dapat mendorong pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja manufaktur non-agro sedangkan manufaktur agro sebaliknya. Diversifikasi produk vertikal ekspor berpengaruh positif bagi pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja manufaktur non-agro namun tidak memberikan pengaruh bagi pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja manufaktur agro. Ini berarti bahwa -peningkatan ekspor produk-produk hilir manufaktur non-agro mampu mendorong pertumbuhan nilai tambah per tenaga kerja sektor manufaktur. Untuk menumbuhkan sektor manufaktur Pemerintah perlu mendorong investasi dan ekspor produk hilir dari manufaktur non-agro serta meningkatkan ekspor produk berdaya saing tinggi dari manufaktur agro.

This study analyzes the effect of export diversification on the value added growth per labor of agro and non-agro based manufacturing sector. This research used the statistical data of industry (manufacturing) and export data in the period of 2000-2010, provided by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). As a method of analysis, panel regression is utilized using Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in order to overcome the endogeneity problem on the explanatory variables and autocorrelation between the dependent variable and its lag. The results showed that the diversification of export markets has a negative correlation with the value added growth per labor of non-agro manufacturing sector but has no effect on agro manufacture. The horizontal product diversification of export has a positive impact on nonagro manufacture while for agro manufacture is negative. This indicates that the increasing of exported products can encourage the value added growth per labor, but it has the opposite effect on the agro manufacturing. The diversification of the vertical exported product has a positive influence on the value added growth per labor of non agro manufacture but does not give effect on the agro manufacture. This means that the increase of export of final products of non-agro manufacture is able to encourage the growth of the manufacturing sector. To support the growth of manufacturing sector, the goverment needs to encourage investment and exports of downstream industry products of non-agro manufacture and increase the export of highly competitive products in the agro manufacture.

Author Biography

Yudi Risman Hadiyanto, Kementerian Perdagangan

Pusat Kebijakan Kerjasama Perdagangan Luar Negeri

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