ANALISIS DAYA SAING SERTA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PANGSA PASAR NEGARA EKSPORTIR UTAMA KOPI DI NEGARA IMPORTIR UTAMA KOPI

  • Doni Sahat Tua Manalu Institut Pertanian Bogor
  • Harianto IPB University
  • Suharno IPB University
  • Sri Hartoyo IPB University
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v16i1.445
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Keywords: Coffee, Export, Competition, Global Market

Abstract

Abstrak

Negara eksportir utama kopi dunia dalam kurun waktu 1995-2017 adalah Brazil, Vietnam, Kolombia dan Indonesia. Sementara importir utama dunia adalah Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Jerman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya saing komparatif negara eksportir utama kopi dunia dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pangsa pasar negara eksportir utama kopi di negara importir utama kopi. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder menggunakan jenis data time series periode 1995-2017 dengan kode HS 090111. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode Revealed Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage, dan metode Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat negara eksportir utama kopi dunia memiliki daya saing yang bervariasi. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pangsa pasar negara eksportir utama kopi di negara importir utama kopi adalah harga dan non harga. Rekomendasi yang diberikan memerlukan keterlibatan dari berbagai pihak (petani, pengusaha, dan pemerintah) mulai dari cara budidaya, pemeliharaan, panen, dan pasca panen yang benar dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan melalui program pemerintah, penerapan sertifikasi mutu kopi serta kebijakan perdagangan dalam bentuk kerja sama bilateral.

Kata Kunci: Kopi, Ekspor, Persaingan, Pasar Global 

 

Abstract

The main exporting countries of world coffee in the period 1995-2017 were Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia. The world's main importers are the United States, Japan, and Germany. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparative competitiveness of the world's main coffee exporters and to analyze the factors that influence the market share of the major coffee exporting countries in the major coffee importing countries. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from various sources using time series data for the period 1995 to 2017 with the HS code 090111. The data analysis method used is the Revealed Comparative Advantage, Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage, and Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System. The results showed that the four major coffee exporters in the world had competitiveness. The factors that affect the market share of the main coffee exporting countries in the main coffee importing countries are price and non-price. The recommendations given require the involvement of various parties (farmers, entrepreneurs, and the governments) starting from the correct way of cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest carried out by providing counseling through government programs, implementing coffee quality certification, and trade policies in the form of bilateral cooperation.

Keywords: Coffee, Export, Competition, Global Market

JEL Classification: C22, F13, O24, Q17

Author Biographies

Harianto, IPB University

Departemen Agribisnis, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen

Suharno, IPB University

Departemen Agribisnis, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen

Sri Hartoyo, IPB University

Abaelu, J.N., Manderscheid, L.V. (1968). U.S. Import Demand for Green Coffee by Variety. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(1): 232-242.

Balassa, B. (1965). The Theory of Economic Integration. Massachusetts (US): Homewood Illinois: RD Irwin Inc.

Baroh, I., Hanani, N., Setiawan, B dan          Koestiono D. (2014). Indonesian          coffee competitiveness in the          international market: Armington          Model Application. American Journal          of Economics. 4(4):184-194.

Basri F., Munandar H. 2010. Dasar-dasar ekonomi internasional: Pengenalan dan aplikasi metode kuantitatif. Edisi 1. Jakarta (ID): Kencana.

Coy, J.E.L. (2006). Competitiveness and trade policy problems in agricultural export: a perspective of producing/exporting countries in the case of banana trade to the European Union [dissertation]. Gottingen (DE): George-August- Universitat, Gottingen, Germany.

Deaton, A., Muellbauer, J. (1980). An Almost Ideal Demand System. The American Economic Review. 70(3): 312-326.

Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan (Ditjenbun). Kementerian Pertanian. (2015). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia (2013-2015 kopi). Jakarta (ID) : Ditjenbun.

Edwards, L., Schoer, V. (2002). Measures of competitiveness: a dynamis approach to South Africa’s trade performance in the 1990s. The South African Journal of Economic. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Ekonomie.70(6):1008-1046.

Egwuma, H., Shamsudin, M.N, Mohamed Z, Kamarulzaman NH, Wong KKS. (2016). An econometric analysis of the determinants of demand for palm oil in Nigeria. International Journal Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine. 4(2): 1-12.

Erkan B, Yildirimci E. (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: the case of Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 195:254-533.

Fadah, I. (2016). Potential And Problems Of Small And Large Scale Processed Coffee Businesses In Jember Regency. 5(2), 105–113.

Fleming JM, Tsiang SC. (1956). Changes in competitive strength and export shares of major industrial countries. Staff Papers. 5(2):218-248.

Fortunika, SO. (2019). Pengaruh Kebijakan Perdagangan Terhadap Posisi Kopi Indonesia di Negara Importir Utama. Tesis. Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Giovannucci D, Leibovich J, Pizano D, Paredes G, Montenegro S, Arevalo H, Varangis P. (2002). Colombia Coffee Sector Study. ISSN 1657-7191.

Gonarsyah. (2007). Tentang Pendefinisian Daya Saing Komoditas Berbasis Sumberdaya Alam. Bahan Ajar Perdagangan Internasional Lanjutan. Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Hanani, N, Asmara, R. dan Fahriyah, F. (2014). Persaingan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Perhepi, 1(2), 78–91.

Hidayat, A, Soetriono. (2010). Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Robusta Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 4(2), 62–82. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEP/article/download/390/248/.

Hinloopen J. (2010) On the empirical distribution of the Balassa Index. Review of World Economics. 137(1):1-49.

Ibnu M. (2017). Gatekeepers of sustainability on coffee smallholders, standards and certification in Indonesia. Dissertation. Maastricht University.

International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2017). Total Production of Exporting Countries. [Internet]. [Diunduh 25 September 2017]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ico.org.

International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2018). Historical data on The Global Coffee Trade [Internet]. [Diunduh 21 Agustus 2018]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ico.org/new_historical.asp.

Ismail D, Mabar R, Yechalad MN, Nasir M. (2017).  The analysis of competitiveness and export demand of acehnese coffee in the International market. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 8(8):102-114.

Jamil AS. (2019). Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Global. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian. 8(1).26-35.

Kementerian Perdagangan RI (Kemendag). (2018). Buletin Info Komoditi Prioritas Kopi. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan. Kementerian Perdagangan RI.

Kementerian Perdagangan RI (Kemendag). (2014). Market Brief Kopi. Atase Perdagangan Tokyo. Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Tokyo: Tokyo. [Internet]. [Diunduh 10 Desember 2019]. Tersedia pada: http://djpen.kemendag.go.id/membership/data/files/d8353-kopi--jepang.pdf.

Kementerian Pertanian RI (Kementan). (2017). Informasi Harga Komoditas Pertanian Provinsi. Jakarta (ID): Kementan.

Kennedy PL, Harrison RW, dan Piedra, MA. (1998). Analyzing agribusiness competitiveness: the case of the United States sugar industry. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 1(2):245-257.

Komaling RJ. (2013). Analisis Determinan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Negara importir utama Periode 1993-2011. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.

Krugman PR, Obstfeld M. (2012). International Economics Theory & Policy. US: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ninth Edition.

Kustiari R. 2007. Perkembangan Pasar Kopi Dunia dan Implikasinya Bagi Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi. Vol. 25 No 1:43–45.

Lawrence A., Phillips H., Riftkin H, Saleh A. (1977). U.S. coffee consumption, 1946›1976. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service.

Meiri A. Rita N, Amzul R. (2013). Analisis Perdagangan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Buletin Ristri. http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bultri/article/view/2378/2066. [Diakses September 2017]

Meiri. (2014). Analisis Daya saing dan Perdagangan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Tesis. Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Moschini G. (1995). Units of measurement and the stone price index in demand System estimation. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 77(1): 63-68.

Muzendi, AS. (2014). Integrasi Pasar dan Dampak Kebijakan Non Tarif terhadap Permintaan Ekspor dan Daya Saing Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Nalurita, S., Winandi, R., & Jahroh, S. (2014). Analitis Daya Saing Dan Strategi Penggembangan Agribisnis Kopi Indonesia . 2(1), 63–74.

Ndayitwayeko WM, Odhiambo MO, Korir M, Nyangweso PM, Chepngeno W. (2014). Comparative advantage of the Eastern and Central Africa in the coffee export sector: the case of Burundi. African Crop Science Journal. 22(4):987 – 995.

Nhien, N T H. (2016). The Competitiveness of Vietnamese Coffee Into The EU Market. Thesis. Finlandia: Centria University of Applied Sciences.

Nurlatifah, H. (2011). Analisis Daya Saing Produk-Produk Indonesia di Pasar China. Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Pranata Sosial, 1(1), 1–10.

Okunade A. (1992). Functional forms and habit effects in the U.S. demand for coffee. Applied Economics.

Ozcelik SE, Erlat G. (2013). Turkey’s comparative advantages and dynamic market positioning in the EU market. Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies. 15(2): 42-70.

Polymeros K, Tsakiridou E, Mattas K. (2005). Assessing the competitiveness of UE Mediterranean fisheries and aquaculture industries in the economics of aquaculture with respect to fisheries. In: Kenneth J. Thomson and Lorenzo Venzi, editor. 95th EAAE Seminar; 9-11 December 2005; Civitavecchia (Rome).

Pindyck RS, Rubinfeld DL. (2013). Microeconomics. US:Person Prentice Hall. 8th Edition.

Rifai N. (2014). Evaluasi kebijakan ekspor minyak sawit dan produk turunanya ke pasar Amerika Serikat [disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Rifin A. (2011). The role of palm oil industry in Indonesian economy and its competitiveness [disertasi]. Tokyo [JPN]: University of Tokyo.

Rifin A. (2013). Analysis of Indonesia’s Market Position in Palm Oil Market in China and India. Journal of Food Products Marketing. 19(4): 299-310.

Rosiana N, Nurmalina R, Winandi R, Rifin A. (2017). Tingkat Keunggulan Komparatif Produsen Utama Kopi Dunia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 11(2), 227–246.

Rosiana N, Nurmalina R, Winandi R, Rifin A. (2018). Dynamics Of Indonesian Robusta Coffee Competition Among Major Competitor Countries. Journal of Industrial and Beverage Crops.5(1):1-10.

Rosiana, Nia. (2019). Daya saing dan ekspor kopi Indonesia melalui pendekatan sistem dinamis. [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Salvatore. (1996). Managerial economics in a global economy. New York: McGraw-Hill: Universitas Indonesia.

Sinta, N. M., Alamsyah, Z. dan Elwamendri. (2017). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis, 20(1).

Suherman T (2016). Analisis permintaan impor minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia di Eropa 4 [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

United Commodity Trade [UN Comtrade]. (2018). Commodity Statistic. http://comtrade.un.org/db.

Voon, T.J. and W. Xiang-Dong. (1997). Export competition among China and ASEAN in the U.S. market: application of market share models. Working Paper. 46(2/97):1-33. CAPS (HK): Faculty of Social Sciences, Lingman College.

Wan Y, Sun C, Grebner DL. (2010). Analysis of Import Demand fo rWooden Beds in the U.S. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 42(4): 643-658.

Widodo T. (2010). International Trade, Regionalism and Dynamic Market. Yogyakarta (ID) : Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis. Universitas Gajah Mada.

World Trade Organization (WTO). (2019). Non-Tariff Measures: Sanitary & Phytosanitary and Technical Barrier to Trade [Internet].

Yamarik, Ghosh. (2005). A sensitivity analysis of the Gravity Model. Int Trade J., siap terbit.

Yeboah, D. (1992). Forecasting coffee consumption with a flexible consumer demand function.

Voon, T.J. and W. Xiang-Dong. (1997). Export competition among China and ASEAN in the U.S. market: application of market share models. Working Paper. 46(2/97):1-33. CAPS (HK): Faculty of Social Sciences, Lingman College.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Departemen Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen

 

Zakaria K, Salleh KM, Balu N. (2017). Factors affecting palm oil demand in India. Oil Palm Industry Economics Journal. 17(2): 25-33.

Zuhdi. (2016). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Dan Vietnam Di Pasar Asean 5 Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian and Vietnam Coffee Export in Asean 5 Market.

References

Abaelu, J.N., Manderscheid, L.V. (1968). U.S. Import Demand for Green Coffee by Variety. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(1): 232-242.

Balassa, B. (1965). The Theory of Economic Integration. Massachusetts (US): Homewood Illinois: RD Irwin Inc.

Baroh, I., Hanani, N., Setiawan, B dan Koestiono D. (2014). Indonesian coffee competitiveness in the international market: Armington Model Application. American Journal of Economics. 4(4):184-194.

Basri F., Munandar H. 2010. Dasar-dasar ekonomi internasional: Pengenalan dan aplikasi metode kuantitatif. Edisi 1. Jakarta (ID): Kencana.

Coy, J.E.L. (2006). Competitiveness and trade policy problems in agricultural export: a perspective of producing/exporting countries in the case of banana trade to the European Union [dissertation]. Gottingen (DE): George-August- Universitat, Gottingen, Germany.

Deaton, A., Muellbauer, J. (1980). An Almost Ideal Demand System. The American Economic Review. 70(3): 312-326.

Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan (Ditjenbun). Kementerian Pertanian. (2015). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia (2013-2015 kopi). Jakarta (ID) : Ditjenbun.

Edwards, L., Schoer, V. (2002). Measures of competitiveness: a dynamic approach to South Africa’s trade performance in the 1990s. The South African Journal of Economics. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Ekonomie.70(6):1008-1046.

Egwuma, H., Shamsudin, M.N, Mohamed Z, Kamarulzaman NH, Wong KKS. (2016). An econometric analysis of the determinants of demand for palm oil in Nigeria. International Journal Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine. 4(2): 1-12.

Erkan B, Yildirimci E. (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: the case of Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 195:254-533.

Fadah, I. (2016). Potential And Problems Of Small And Large Scale Processed Coffee Businesses In Jember Regency. 5(2), 105–113.

Fleming, J.M, Tsiang SC. (1956). Changes in competitive strength and export shares of major industrial countries. Staff Papers. 5(2):218-248.

Fortunika, SO. (2019). Pengaruh Kebijakan Perdagangan Terhadap Posisi Kopi Indonesia di Negara Importir Utama. Tesis. Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Giovannucci, D., Leibovich, J., Pizano, D., Paredes, G., Montenegro, S., Arevalo H, Varangis P. (2002). Colombia Coffee Sector Study. ISSN 1657-7191.

Gonarsyah. (2007). Tentang Pendefinisian Daya Saing Komoditas Berbasis Sumberdaya Alam. Bahan Ajar Perdagangan Internasional Lanjutan. Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Hanani, N, Asmara, R. dan Fahriyah, F. (2014). Persaingan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Perhepi, 1(2), 78–91.

Hidayat, A, Soetriono. (2010). Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Robusta Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 4(2), 62–82. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEP/article/download/390/248/.

Hinloopen J. (2010) On the empirical distribution of the Balassa Index. Review of World Economics. 137(1):1-49.

Ibnu M. (2017). Gatekeepers of sustainability on coffee smallholders, standards and certification in Indonesia. Dissertation. Maastricht University.

International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2017). Total Production of Exporting Countries. [Internet]. [Diunduh 25 September 2017]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ico.org.

International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2018). Historical data on The Global Coffee Trade [Internet]. [Diunduh 21 Agustus 2018]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ico.org/new_historical.asp.

Ismail D, Mabar R, Yechalad MN, Nasir M. (2017). The analysis of competitiveness and export demand of acehnese coffee in the International market. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 8(8):102-114.

Jamil AS. (2019). Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Global. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian. 8(1).26-35.

Kementerian Perdagangan RI (Kemendag). (2018). Buletin Info Komoditi Prioritas Kopi. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan. Kementerian Perdagangan RI.

Kementerian Perdagangan RI (Kemendag). (2014). Market Brief Kopi. Atase Perdagangan Tokyo. Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Tokyo: Tokyo. [Internet]. [Diunduh 10 Desember 2019]. Tersedia pada: http://djpen.kemendag.go.id/membership/data/files/d8353-kopi--jepang.pdf.

Kementerian Pertanian RI (Kementan). (2017). Informasi Harga Komoditas Pertanian Provinsi. Jakarta (ID): Kementan.

Kennedy PL, Harrison RW, dan Piedra, MA. (1998). Analyzing agribusiness competitiveness: the case of the United States sugar industry. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 1(2):245-257.

Komaling RJ. (2013). Analisis Determinan Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Negara importir utama Periode 1993-2011. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.

Krugman PR, Obstfeld M. (2012). International Economics Theory & Policy. US: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ninth Edition.

Kustiari R. 2007. Perkembangan Pasar Kopi Dunia dan Implikasinya Bagi Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi. Vol. 25 No 1:43–45.

Lawrence A., Phillips H., Riftkin H, Saleh A. (1977). U.S. coffee consumption, 1946›1976. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service.

Meiri A. Rita N, Amzul R. (2013). Analisis Perdagangan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Buletin Ristri. http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bultri/article/view/2378/2066. [Diakses September 2017]

Meiri. (2014). Analisis Daya saing dan Perdagangan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Tesis. Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Moschini G. (1995). Units of measurement and the stone price index in demand System estimation. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 77(1): 63-68.

Muzendi, AS. (2014). Integrasi Pasar dan Dampak Kebijakan Non Tarif terhadap Permintaan Ekspor dan Daya Saing Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Nalurita, S., Winandi, R., & Jahroh, S. (2014). Analitis Daya Saing Dan Strategi Penggembangan Agribisnis Kopi Indonesia . 2(1), 63–74.

Ndayitwayeko WM, Odhiambo MO, Korir M, Nyangweso PM, Chepngeno W. (2014). Comparative advantage of the Eastern and Central Africa in the coffee export sector: the case of Burundi. African Crop Science Journal. 22(4):987 – 995.

Nhien, N T H. (2016). The Competitiveness of Vietnamese Coffee Into The EU Market. Thesis. Finlandia: Centria University of Applied Sciences.

Nurlatifah, H. (2011). Analisis Daya Saing Produk-Produk Indonesia di Pasar China. Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Pranata Sosial, 1(1), 1–10.

Okunade A. (1992). Functional forms and habit effects in the U.S. demand for coffee. Applied Economics.

Ozcelik SE, Erlat G. (2013). Turkey’s comparative advantages and dynamic market positioning in the EU market. Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies. 15(2): 42-70.

Polymeros K, Tsakiridou E, Mattas K. (2005). Assessing the competitiveness of UE Mediterranean fisheries and aquaculture industries in the economics of aquaculture with respect to fisheries. In: Kenneth J. Thomson and Lorenzo Venzi, editor. 95th EAAE Seminar; 9-11 December 2005; Civitavecchia (Rome).

Pindyck RS, Rubinfeld DL. (2013). Microeconomics. US:Person Prentice Hall. 8th Edition.

Rifai N. (2014). Evaluasi kebijakan ekspor minyak sawit dan produk turunanya ke pasar Amerika Serikat [disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Rifin A. (2011). The role of palm oil industry in Indonesian economy and its competitiveness [disertasi]. Tokyo [JPN]: University of Tokyo.

Rifin A. (2013). Analysis of Indonesia’s Market Position in Palm Oil Market in China and India. Journal of Food Products Marketing. 19(4): 299-310.

Rosiana N, Nurmalina R, Winandi R, Rifin A. (2017). Tingkat Keunggulan Komparatif Produsen Utama Kopi Dunia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 11(2), 227–246.

Rosiana N, Nurmalina R, Winandi R, Rifin A. (2018). Dynamics Of Indonesian Robusta Coffee Competition Among Major Competitor Countries. Journal of Industrial and Beverage Crops.5(1):1-10.

Rosiana, Nia. (2019). Daya saing dan ekspor kopi Indonesia melalui pendekatan sistem dinamis. [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Salvatore. (1996). Managerial economics in a global economy. New York: McGraw-Hill: Universitas Indonesia.

Sinta, N. M., Alamsyah, Z. dan Elwamendri. (2017). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis, 20(1).

Suherman T (2016). Analisis permintaan impor minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia di Eropa 4 [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

United Commodity Trade [UN Comtrade]. (2018). Commodity Statistic. http://comtrade.un.org/db.

Voon, T.J. and W. Xiang-Dong. (1997). Export competition among China and ASEAN in the U.S. market: application of market share models. Working Paper. 46(2/97):1-33. CAPS (HK): Faculty of Social Sciences, Lingman College.

Wan Y, Sun C, Grebner DL. (2010). Analysis of Import Demand fo rWooden Beds in the U.S. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 42(4): 643-658.

Widodo T. (2010). International Trade, Regionalism and Dynamic Market. Yogyakarta (ID) : Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis. Universitas Gajah Mada.

World Trade Organization (WTO). (2019). Non-Tariff Measures: Sanitary & Phytosanitary and Technical Barrier to Trade [Internet].

Yamarik, Ghosh. (2005). A sensitivity analysis of the Gravity Model. Int Trade J., siap terbit.

Yeboah, D. (1992). Forecasting coffee consumption with a flexible consumer demand function.

Zakaria K, Salleh KM, Balu N. (2017). Factors affecting palm oil demand in India. Oil Palm Industry Economics Journal. 17(2): 25-33.

Zuhdi. (2016). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Dan Vietnam Di Pasar Asean 5 Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian and Vietnam Coffee Export in Asean 5 Market.

Published
2022-07-31
How to Cite
Manalu, D. S. T., Harianto, Suharno, & Hartoyo, S. (2022). ANALISIS DAYA SAING SERTA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PANGSA PASAR NEGARA EKSPORTIR UTAMA KOPI DI NEGARA IMPORTIR UTAMA KOPI. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 16(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v16i1.445
Section
Articles