THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON INDONESIAN BILATERAL TRADE WITH ASEAN COUNTRIES

Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani; Muhammad  Azizurrohman; Aliza Hari  Tanthowy

doi:10.30908/bilp.v13i2.421

Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Muhammad Azizurrohman National Chiayi University
Aliza Hari Tanthowy Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v13i2.421

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Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, ICT, ICT Development Index, Gravity Model, Bilateral Trade, Model Gravitasi, Perdagangan Bilateral

Abstract

Abstrak

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) dan perdagangan memiliki keterkaitan untuk mendukung pencapaian efisiensi pasar melalui pengurangan biaya, peningkatan promosi dan penciptaan kerangka distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengembangan TIK pada perdagangan bilateral antara Indonesia dan mitra dagangnya di negara-negara ASEAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka Model Gravitasi dengan data panel periode 2010-2017, dengan estimasi model random effect. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sembilan negara anggota ASEAN yang merupakan mitra dagang Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa, TIK memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap volume ekspor Indonesia ke negara-negara ASEAN. Variabel lain seperti PDB riil Indonesia and mitra dagang ASEAN serta populasi mitra dagang juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sementara jarak dan nilai tukar riil memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, beberapa implikasi kebijakan antara lain, Indonesia dapat mengembangkan kemitraan perdagangan strategis dengan negara-negara yang memiliki ukuran ekonomi besar dan telah mencapai pengembangan TIK yang tinggi seperti Singapura dan Malaysia, sehingga dapat meningkatkan volume perdagangan ke ASEAN terutama untuk produk-produk berbasis TIK.

Kata Kunci: Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi; Perdagangan Bilateral; Indeks Pengembangan TIK (IPTIK); Model Gravitasi

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and trade have a relationship to support the achievement of market efficiency through cost reduction, increase promotion and distribution framework creation. This study aims to analyze the impacts of ICT Development on bilateral trade between Indonesia and its trading partners in the ASEAN countries. Using an extended panel gravity model framework and panel data models for the period 2010–2017 employing a random effect model estimator. The sample includes nine ASEAN member countries as Indonesia’s trading partners. Results indicate that ICT Development has positive and significant impacts on Indonesian export volume toward ASEAN countries. Other variables such as Indonesian RGDP, partners’ RGDP and population have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia export to ASEAN. Meanwhile, distance and real exchange rates have a negative and significant effect on Indonesian export. Based on estimation results, some policy implications can be derived. For instance, Indonesia may develop strategic trading partnerships with countries that have a large economic size and have achieved high levels of ICT development such as Singapore and Malaysia, in order to increase Indonesian trade volume to ASEAN countries, especially on ICT based products.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology; Bilateral Trade; ICT Development Index (IDI); Gravity Model

JEL Classification: O33; F10; C43; C29

Author Biographies

Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Department of Development Economics

Aliza Hari Tanthowy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Faculty of Economics and Business

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