Difusi TIK, Kualitas Regulasi, dan Keterbukaan Perdagangan di Negara-Negara G20: Analisis Moderasi

Main Article Content

T. Miftahul Afif
Sartiyah

Abstract

Digitalisasi ekonomi global mendorong integrasi pasar, namun bukti bahwa difusi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (difusi TIK) secara konsisten meningkatkan keterbukaan perdagangan masih beragam dan jarang menilai kualitas regulasi sebagai kondisi institusional. Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh difusi TIK dan kualitas regulasi terhadap keterbukaan perdagangan serta menguji peran moderasi kualitas regulasi pada negara-negara G20 periode 2002–2022. Menggunakan data panel sekunder (19 negara; 399 observasi) yang dihimpun dari World Bank: World Development Indicators (WDI) untuk keterbukaan perdagangan dan variabel kontrol (pembangunan ekonomi, investasi asing langsung, dan investasi), serta Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) untuk kualitas regulasi. Difusi TIK diproksikan dengan indeks difusi (skala 0– 100). penelitian ini menerapkan two-way fixed effects dengan standard error terklaster, lalu melakukan robustness checks atau uji ketahanan hasil menggunakan Driscoll–Kraay dan common correlated effects untuk mengakomodasi ketergantungan lintas negara dan guncangan bersama. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa difusi TIK berasosiasi negatif dan signifikan dengan keterbukaan perdagangan, sementara kualitas regulasi juga cenderung negatif pada spesifikasi penuh. Bagi Indonesia sebagai anggota G20, temuan ini mengisyaratkan bahwa digitalisasi tidak otomatis meningkatkan perdagangan apabila belum didukung harmonisasi aturan perdagangan digital, penyederhanaan prosedur kepabeanan, kepastian arus data lintas batas, dan pengurangan biaya kepatuhan. Dengan demikian, manfaat TIK terhadap perdagangan Indonesia perlu ditopang oleh kualitas regulasi yang jelas, konsisten, dan memudahkan transaksi lintas negara. Namun, koefisien interaksi antara difusi Tik dan kualitas regulasi bernilai positif, yang berarti adanya efek moderasi kualitas regulasi terhadap pengaruh difusi TIK pada keterbukaan perdagangan, efek tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa regulasi yang lebih baik meredam dampak negatif difusi TIK terhadap keterbukaan perdagangan. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya paket kebijakan: perluasan TIK harus disertai penguatan kualitas regulasi, harmonisasi aturan perdagangan digital seperti arus data lintas batas, dokumen elektronik, dan kepabeanan digital, serta penyederhanaan prosedur perdagangan lintas batas agar manfaat digitalisasi lebih efektif mendorong integrasi perdagangan.

Article Details

How to Cite
Afif, T. M., & Sartiyah , S. (2026). Difusi TIK, Kualitas Regulasi, dan Keterbukaan Perdagangan di Negara-Negara G20: Analisis Moderasi. Cendekia Niaga, 10(1), 86–103. https://doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v10i1.1180
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