Tren Belt and Road Initiative dalam Kebijakan Persaingan Perdagangan Internasional Kawasan Asia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative is a global economic strategy introduced by China in 2013 to enhance infrastructure connectivity, trade, and investment across Asia. This study aims to analyze research trends related to Belt and Road Initiative within the context of international trade competition policies in Asia using a bibliometric and systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Data were obtained from the Scopus database covering the period from 2008 to 2024 and analyzed using PRISMA methodology and software tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The findings indicate that Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated economic integration through infrastructure investment and trade digitalization while also posing challenges such as China's economic dominance and the dependency of participating countries. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals that trade competition policies are increasingly influenced by geopolitical factors, supply chain efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This study highlights the need for adaptive policies to balance economic growth and fair competition in Asia. The implications for Indonesia include strengthening investment oversight, optimizing the role of the Indonesia Competition Commission (KPPU), and diversifying trade partnerships to enhance global competitiveness and reduce economic dependence on China.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmad, S., Alatefi, M., Alkahtani, M., Anwar, S., Sharaf, M., & Abdollahian, M. (2019). Bibliometric analysis for process capability research. Quality Technology and Quantitative Management, 16(4), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/16843703.2018.1464426
Ali, I., & Aboelmaged, M. G. S. (2022). Implementation of supply chain 4.0 in the food and beverage industry: perceived drivers and barriers. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(4), 1426–1443. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2020-0393
Ali, S. S., Ersöz, F., Kaur, R., Altaf, B., & Weber, G.-W. (2021). A quantitative analysis of low carbon performance in industrial sectors of developing world. Journal of Cleaner Production, 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125268
Aller, C., Ductor, L., & Grechyna, D. (2021). Robust determinants of CO2 emissions. Energy Economics, 96, 105154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105154
Amin, N., Shabbir, M. S., Song, H., Farrukh, M. U., Iqbal, S., & Abbass, K. (2023). A step towards environmental mitigation: Do green technological innovation and institutional quality make a difference? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122413
Arruda, H., Silva, E. R., Lessa, M., Proença Jr., D., & Bartholo, R. (2022). VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 110(3), 392–395. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1434
Batmunkh, A., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Lakner, Z. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis of Gig Economy. Administrative Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020051
Chaisse, J., & Kirkwood, J. (2020). Chinese puzzle: Anatomy of the (INVISIBLE) belt and road investment treaty. Journal of International Economic Law, 23(1), 245–269. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz047
CHAN, S. (2018). The Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for China and East Asian Economies. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, 35(2), 52–78. https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v35i2.5446
Chen, L. (2020). Research on the sustainable development strategy of Chinese clothing brands under the “the belt and road initiative” strategy. Wool Textile Journal, 48(12), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.19333/j.mfkj.20200704805
Chen, Y., Visnjic, I., Parida, V., & Zhang, Z. (2021). On the road to digital servitization – The (dis)continuous interplay between business model and digital technology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 41(5), 694–722. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-08-2020-0544
Cui, L., & Song, M. (2019). Economic evaluation of the Belt and Road Initiative from an unimpeded trade perspective. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 22(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2018.1492532
Das, K., & Chakraborti, P. (2012). International Trade, Environment and Market Imperfection: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis for India. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, 1(2), 157–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978712473397
Deepu, T. S., & Ravi, V. (2021). Supply chain digitalization: An integrated MCDM approach for inter-organizational information systems selection in an electronic supply chain. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100038
Dingru, L., Onifade, S. T., Ramzan, M., & AL-Faryan, M. A. S. (2023). Environmental perspectives on the impacts of trade and natural resources on renewable energy utilization in Sub-Sahara Africa: Accounting for FDI, income, and urbanization trends. Resources Policy, 80, 103204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103204
Dulla, N., priyadarshini, S., Mishra, S., & Swain, S. C. (2021). Global Exploration on Bibliometric Research Articles: A Bibliometric Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021, 1–26. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110630635&partnerID=40&md5=a8366cd25103149d2b69c54d67f9b965
Free, C., & Hecimovic, A. (2021). Global supply chains after COVID-19: the end of the road for neoliberal globalisation? Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(1), 58–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2020-4634
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Green Finance & Development Center. (2023). Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) . https://greenfdc.org/countries-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-bri/
Guleria, D., & Kaur, G. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of ecopreneurship using VOSviewer and RStudio Bibliometrix, 1989–2019. Library Hi Tech, 39(4), 1001–1024. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-09-2020-0218
Haddow, G. (2018). Bibliometric research. In Research Methods: Information, Systems, and Contexts: Second Edition (pp. 241–266). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102220-7.00010-8
Hao, X., Wang, X., Wu, H., & Hao, Y. (2023). Path to sustainable development: Does digital economy matter in manufacturing green total factor productivity? Sustainable Development, 31(1), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2397
Hao, Y., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Wu, H., & Ren, S. (2020). Does outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) affect the home country’s environmental quality? The case of China. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 52, 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2019.08.012
Hermaputi, R. L., Jiajia, G., & Chen, H. (2017). Review of “The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative”: Indonesia-China Cooperation and Future Opportunities for Indonesia’s Port Cities Development. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 28(3), 161. https://doi.org/10.5614/jrcp.2017.28.3.1
Hu, B., & Pan, Q. (2017). Overall Development of Countries along the Belt and Road: Measurement, Rank, and Assessment. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 9(1–3), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974910117747749
Huang, J., Ding, Q., Wang, Y., Hong, H., & Zhang, H. (2021). The evolution and influencing factors of international tungsten competition from the industrial chain perspective. Resources Policy, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102185
Huang, J., Qin, P., & Zhao, X. (2024). Effects of the BRI on Sustainable Development Evidence from a Panel Difference-In-Differences Method. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-1409
Huang, Y. (2016). Understanding China’s Belt & Road Initiative: Motivation, framework and assessment. China Economic Review, 40, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.07.007
Jiang, H., Jiang, P., Wang, D., & Wu, J. (2021). Can smart city construction facilitate green total factor productivity? A quasi-natural experiment based on China’s pilot smart city. Sustainable Cities and Society, 69, 102809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102809
Kessler, M. M. (1963). Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers. American Documentation, 14(1), 10–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090140103
Kimari, W., & Ernstson, H. (2020). Imperial Remains and Imperial Invitations: Centering Race within the Contemporary Large‐Scale Infrastructures of East Africa. Antipode, 52(3), 825–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12623
Kongkuah, M., Yao, H., & Yilanci, V. (2022). The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in China: the role of urbanisation and international trade. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(4), 4684–4708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01628-1
Koul, S., & Kasar, A. S. (2024). Research Landscape of Sustainable Marketing: Thematic Analysis and Future Trends. Vision. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629241231431
Kul, C., Zhang, L., & Solangi, Y. A. (2020). Assessing the renewable energy investment risk factors for sustainable development in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 124164.
Lai, K. P. Y., Lin, S., & Sidaway, J. D. (2020). Financing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): research agendas beyond the “debt-trap” discourse. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 61(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1726787
Lee, J.-W., & McKibbin, W. J. (2018). Service sector productivity and economic growth in Asia. Economic Modelling, 74, 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.05.018
Li, J., Van Assche, A., Li, L., & Qian, G. (2022). Foreign direct investment along the Belt and Road: A political economy perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 53(5), 902–919. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00435-0
Li, Z., Kuo, T.-H., Siao-Yun, W., & The Vinh, L. (2022). Role of green finance, volatility and risk in promoting the investments in Renewable Energy Resources in the post-covid-19. Resources Policy, 76, 102563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102563
Liao, Z., Wang, Z., & Guo, K. (2019). The dynamic evolution of the characteristics of exchange rate risks in countries along “the Belt and Road” based on network analysis. PLoS ONE, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221874
Lin, S., Sidaway, J. D., & Woon, C. Y. (2019). Reordering China, Respacing the World: Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路) as an Emergent Geopolitical Culture. The Professional Geographer, 71(3), 507–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2018.1547979
Liu, X., Razzaq, A., Shahzad, M., & Irfan, M. (2022). Technological changes, financial development and ecological consequences: A comparative study of developed and developing economies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 184, 122004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122004
Lozano, S., Calzada-Infante, L., Adenso-Díaz, B., & García, S. (2019). Complex network analysis of keywords co-occurrence in the recent efficiency analysis literature. Scientometrics, 120(2), 609–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03132-w
Ma, S. (2022). Growth effects of economic integration: New evidence from the Belt and Road Initiative. Economic Analysis and Policy, 73, 753–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.01.004
Mongeon, P., & Paul-Hus, A. (2016). The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: a comparative analysis. Scientometrics, 106(1), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
Muhammad, S., & Long, X. (2021). Rule of law and CO2 emissions: A comparative analysis across 65 belt and road initiative(BRI) countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123539
Mulay, P., Joshi, R., & Chaudhari, A. (2020). Distributed Incremental Clustering Algorithms: A Bibliometric and Word-Cloud Review Analysis. Science & Technology Libraries, 39(3), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2020.1775163
Murshed, M., Elheddad, M., Ahmed, R., Bassim, M., & Than, E. T. (2022). Foreign Direct Investments, Renewable Electricity Output, and Ecological Footprints: Do Financial Globalization Facilitate Renewable Energy Transition and Environmental Welfare in Bangladesh? Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 29(1), 33–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10690-021-09335-7
Murton, G., & Lord, A. (2020). Trans-Himalayan power corridors: Infrastructural politics and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Nepal. Political Geography, 77, 102100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102100
OWEN, C. (2020). The belt and road initiative’s central asian contradictions. Current History, 119(819), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2020.119.819.264
Öztürk, O., Kocaman, R., & Kanbach, D. K. (2024). How to design bibliometric research: an overview and a framework proposal. Review of Managerial Science, 18(11), 3333–3361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00738-0
Peinert, E. (2020). Cartels, competition, and coalitions: the domestic drivers of international orders. Review of International Political Economy, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1788971
Qi, S.-Z., Peng, H.-R., & Zhang, Y.-J. (2019). Energy intensity convergence in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries: What role does China-BRI trade play? Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 118022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118022
Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. C. H. (2019). China’s one belt one road initiative: The impact of trade facilitation versus physical infrastructure on exports. The World Economy, 42(6), 1673–1694. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12808
Rethlefsen, M. L., & Page, M. J. (2022). PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S: common questions on tracking records and the flow diagram. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 110(2), 253–257. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1449
Riska, R. F. D. (2024). China’s Belt and Road (BRI) Policy for Trade Interests in Indonesia. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 6(1), 91–107. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v6n1.p91-107
Salem, S., Arshed, N., Anwar, A., Iqbal, M., & Sattar, N. (2021). Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions—Testing Nonlinearity for Highly Carbon Emitting Countries. Sustainability, 13(21), 11930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111930
Sharma, M., Luthra, S., Joshi, S., Kumar, A., & Jain, A. (2023). Green logistics driven circular practices adoption in industry 4.0 Era: A moderating effect of institution pressure and supply chain flexibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 383, 135284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135284
Sidaway, J. D., Rowedder, S. C., Woon, C. Y., Lin, W., & Pholsena, V. (2020). Introduction: Research agendas raised by the Belt and Road Initiative. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 38(5), 795–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410
Sładkowski, A., Bošnjak, R., Kezić, D., & Krile, S. (2024). BRI Project: Are There Alternatives? Transactions on Maritime Science, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v13.n01.018
Tokeyeva, A., Rayev, D., & Dauen, D. (2020). Belt and road: Benefits and prospects for kazakhstan. Central Asia and the Caucasus, 21(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.1.07
Toshimitsu, T. (2017). Strategic Trade Policy and Network Compatibility. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 17(2), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-016-0235-y
Ullah, A., Kui, Z., Ullah, S., Pinglu, C., & Khan, S. (2021). Sustainable Utilization of Financial and Institutional Resources in Reducing Income Inequality and Poverty. Sustainability, 13(3), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031038
Wang, J., Mirsardin, I., Sun, Y., & Yang, X. (2021). The internationalization of Chinese multinational enterprises under the Belt-and-Road Initiative. Strategic Change, 30(6), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2467
Wang, M. L., Qiu, Q., & Choi, C. H. (2019). How will the Belt and Road initiative advance China’s exports? Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2018.1525855
Wang, M., Wang, B., & Abareshi, A. (2020). Blockchain Technology and Its Role in Enhancing Supply Chain Integration Capability and Reducing Carbon Emission: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability, 12(24), 10550. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410550
Wang, S., Chang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022). The Belt and Road Initiatives and the growth of total factor productivity: based on the perspective of the regional import of intermediate goods. Empirical Economics, 63(4), 1915–1946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-021-02197-y
Wang, S., Wang, H., Wang, J., & Yang, F. (2020). Does environmental information disclosure contribute to improve firm financial performance? An examination of the underlying mechanism. Science of the Total Environment, 714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136855
Wang, Z. (2023). Designing Competition Clauses in Preferential Trade Agreements. World Trade Review, 22(5), 657–679. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000307
Weinberg, B. H. (1974). Bibliographic coupling: A review. Information Storage and Retrieval, 10(5), 189–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0271(74)90058-8
Winter, T. (2021). Geocultural Power: China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Geopolitics, 26(5), 1376–1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1718656
Wu, X., & Si, Y. (2022). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Corporate Innovation. Finance Research Letters, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103052
Xiong, W., Chen, B., Wang, H., & Zhu, D. (2020). Public–private partnerships as a governance response to sustainable urbanization: Lessons from China. Habitat International, 95, 102095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102095
Yang, L., Liu, Y., & Deng, H. (2023). Environmental governance, local government competition and industrial green transformation: Evidence from China’s sustainable development practice. Sustainable Development, 31(2), 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2440
Yao, W., Hu, Z., & Liu, C. (2018). Comparison research of maritime hub network along Belt and Road Initiatives considering scale effect. Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 58(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.7511/dllgxb201802004
Yi, Y., Chen, Y., & Li, D. (2022). Stakeholder ties, organizational learning, and business model innovation: A business ecosystem perspective. Technovation, 114, 102445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102445
Yu, L., Zhao, D., Niu, H., & Lu, F. (2020). Does the belt and road initiative expand China’s export potential to countries along the belt and road? China Economic Review, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101419
Yuan, H., & Yang, B. (2022). System Dynamics Approach for Evaluating the Interconnection Performance of Cross-Border Transport Infrastructure. Journal of Management in Engineering, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001015
Zhang, M. (2022). The Belt and Road Initiative’s Environmental Champion–Villain Paradox: How New Governance Mechanisms Pave the Way for a Green Belt and Road. China: An International Journal, 20(2), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2022.0016
Zhao, M. (2021). The Belt and Road Initiative and China–US strategic competition. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42533-021-00087-7