POSISI GVC INDONESIA DI WILAYAH ASEAN-KANADA
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Abstract
Abstrak
Rantai Nilai Global atau Global Value Chain (GVC) adalah alat yang berguna untuk melacak pola pergeseran dari produksi global. Kontribusi Indonesia dalam GVC di wilayah ASEAN-Kanada masih rendah, hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai intermediate input yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai final input. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi GVC Indonesia di wilayah ASEAN-Kanada. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis input-output dengan berdasar pada data World Input Output Databases (WIOD). Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam lingkup ASEAN, kontribusi Indonesia dalam GVC masih rendah, dapat dilihat dari nilai intermediate input yang lebih rendah dari nilai final input. Bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain ASEAN (yang memiliki ekspor terbesar ke Kanada) yaitu Vietnam, Thailand, dan Malaysia, persentase ekspor barang intermediate Indonesia hanya sebesar 48,3%, lebih rendah dibandingkan negara-negara lainnya. Indonesia harus terus mengambil peran aktif di GVC. Di masa depan, Indonesia harus lebih aktif untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah pada ekspor sebagai intermediate input, sehingga akan berdampak pada positif perekonomian Indonesia secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: ASEAN-Kanada FTA, GVC, Nilai Tambah
Abstract
Global Value Chain (GVC) is a useful tool to track shifting patterns of global production. Indonesia's contribution in GVC is still low, this can be seen from the lower intermediate input value compared to the final input value. The result of this study aims to analyze the position of Indonesia in the GVC in ASEAN-Canada region. The study used input-output analysis based on World Input Output Databases (WIOD). The study shows that within ASEAN, Indonesia’s contribution in GVC is low, it can be seen from the input intermediate value which is lower than the final input value. When compared with other ASEAN countries (which have the largest exports to Canada), as Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia, the percentage of Indonesia’s intermediate exports is only 48.3%, which is lower than those of these countries. Indonesia should continue to take active role on GVC. In the future, Indonesia should be proactive to be able to increase added value on export as intermediate input. To indeed it will positively impact Indonesia's economy in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: ASEAN-Canada FTA, GVC, Added Value
JEL Classification: A11, B17, B22, B41
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